The Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary, with its precipitous peaks and valleys, extreme topographic diversity, its gorges and creeks and open woodlands is host to an impressive array of Native Flora and Fauna. Rare plants abound, some species are only found in the immediate area and are indeed relics of a time when the region was covered in temperate forest. The Spidery Wattle (acacia araneosa) and rare Slender Bell-Fruit (codonacarpus pyramidalis) are two examples of this.

Likewise, the sanctuary provides habitat for hundreds of species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects and birds. The rare Yellow-Footed Rock Wallaby of course being the most famous of Arkaroola's inhabitants is readily observed among the steep rocky gorges and creeks. The majestic Wedge-Tailed Eagle, Australian Ringneck Parrot, the comical antics of a gang of White-browed Babblers, the insomnia curing call of the Southern Boobook Owl and the beautifully coloured Red Capped Robin are but a few of the species commonly encountered around the sanctuary. The very rare and elusive Short-Tailed Grass Wren from the spinifex granite high country of the sanctuary is occasionally sighted in the Ridgetop area and is one of the rarest bird species in Australia.